Chronic Pain: Overweight and Obesity

Chronic pain is a common issue today, and various factors contribute to its onset, such as injuries, developing illnesses, or psychological disorders. Treatment methods depend on the causes of this pain; some people require medication, while others benefit from physical or psychological therapies

Chronic pain can significantly impact quality of life, leading to social isolation, restricted movement, and, in severe cases, even difficulty getting out of bed. These consequences can bring additional problems, like weight gain, which is common among people suffering from chronic pain. 

Overweight or obesity is diagnosed based on body mass index (BMI). A BMI of 25 or higher indicates overweight, while a BMI of 30 or more signifies obesity. To calculate your BMI, simply divide your weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared.

Chronic Pain Leading to Overweight and Obesity

Physical Inactivity

One of the main reasons for weight gain is lack of physical activity. People with chronic pain tend to spend more time at home and avoid physically demanding activities due to discomfort. Pain can also lead to feelings of weakness and lack of energy, promoting a sedentary lifestyle. 

Mental Health

Chronic pain also affects psychological health, increasing the risk of mental health issues such as depression. A common symptom of depression is an imbalanced diet. Individuals with depression may lose their appetite or, conversely, experience an uncontrollable urge to overeat. Eating becomes a temporary relief, creating a fleeting sense of fulfillment and happiness, but often leads to rapid weight gain. 

Disease Characteristics

Some conditions that cause chronic pain are directly linked to hormonal imbalances and thyroid issues, affecting metabolism. For example, fibromyalgia is a rheumatic condition characterized by constant fatigue and widespread pain in the soft tissues and musculoskeletal system. This disease is associated with endocrine function and can contribute to weight gain due to mood swings, sleep disturbances, and other metabolic issues. 

Medication

The treatment process for chronic pain is also important. While it might seem that starting treatment solves all problems, self-care is a continuous process. Opioids used in pain management can increase appetite, and medications like antidepressants and muscle relaxants may slow metabolism, affecting weight.

Overweight and Obesity as Causes of Chronic Pain

Since excess weight isn’t merely an aesthetic issue, it can also lead to conditions causing chronic pain. 

Osteoarthritis

This degenerative condition causes pain in the hips, knees, fingers, or feet – essentially, in the joints. Osteoarthritis symptoms include grinding sounds in the joints, mild swelling, and pain that worsens with activity. Although commonly diagnosed in older age, excess body weight places additional strain on joints, accelerating cartilage wear. It’s worth noting that fat tissue releases chemicals that can also harm joints.

Diabetic Neuropathy

Overweight and obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes, which requires vigilant management. Uncontrolled diabetes can result in serious complications like diabetic neuropathy, a nerve-damaging condition primarily affecting the limbs. Symptoms include pain and numbness, often described as burning, tingling, or stabbing sensations, especially at night. Diabetic neuropathy is a leading cause of non-traumatic limb amputation. 

Back Pain

The spine supports our entire body weight. A few extra kilograms may not be noticeable, but with obesity or significant overweight, the back muscles and spine can struggle to handle the load. Excess weight can distort spinal alignment, often leading to a persistent forward lean. In such cases, chronic back pain arises as the added strain shifts to the back muscles, preventing the spine from maintaining a neutral position. 

All these conditions aren’t cured by pain relievers alone, as they provide only temporary relief. While osteoarthritis or diabetic neuropathy progression can be slowed, the damage is irreversible. Alleviating back pain requires continuous dietary management, weight control, and exercises to strengthen the back muscles. 

If you experience discomfort or pain related to body weight, consult pain management specialists Dr. Asta Mažeikaitė and Dr. Aida Kinderytė. They collaborate with clinic dietitian Dr. Rūta Petereit to help prevent further complications. Book an appointment with specialists at the clinic here.